2010年是在线数据隐私问题异常混乱的一年，一些公司变得太过强大，被暴露的用户们越来越关注大公司们会怎样对待他们的数据
2010发展趋势研究：隐私
The issue of privacy has come to the fore again this month, with the swirling controversy around WikiLeaks and previously secret government cables. From Facebook to WikiLeaks, Google Street View to an app called I Can Stalk U, 2010 has been a tumultuous year in online data privacy. Let's look back at some of the major privacy stories of the year.
而伴随着对维基解密和以前的一些政府隐秘信息的争论不断升级，本月隐私问题又被提上了台面。从Facebook到维基解密，再到基于Google街景的应用"I Can Stalk U"，2010年是在线数据隐私问题异常混乱的一年。让我们来回顾一下今年的重大隐私相关事件。
在2009年12月，Facebook宣布将在隐私设置方面采取重大改变。在这之前，大部分用户在Facebook上的信息缺省都是个人而对外不可见的。而这也是2004年Facebook在哈佛大学寝室发布时的设计哲学。而在12月，一大部分Facebook用户的数据被设置成公共可见。
Your name, profile photo, gender, current city, networks, friends list, and all of the pages you subscribe to, became publicly available information on Facebook at the end of last year. Later, in May, Facebook reluctantly reversed some of those changes. While the default setting for most content published on Facebook remains public, control over a few key settings were shifted back into the hands of users. Notably, the ability to hide your friends list and list of interest pages from the public.
你的姓名，头像，性别，当前所在城市，所处的网络，好友列表和你订阅的页面，在去年底在Facebook上成了公众可以随意获取的信息。而在之后的五月，Facebook极不情愿的撤销了其中的一些改变。虽然好友列表和感兴趣页面的可见性等少部分关键信息的设置权被交还给用户，但是绝大部分用户发表的内容在Facebook上的缺省设置还是公共可见。
据Facebook的CEO Mark Zuckerberg说，共享信息是当今互联网上最重要的准则，而Facebook的隐私策略改变正是对这一准则的回应。“如果人们能分享更多信息的话，整个世界就会变得更加开放和互联。”他应邀在华盛顿邮报上写下如上文章。而他没提到的则是，开放性的数据可以在广告市场更有竞争力。所以，很多人控诉Facebook放弃其最基本的原则只是为了自己牟利。
According to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, sharing information is the norm on the Internet nowadays and Facebook's privacy changes were a response to this. "If people share more, the world will become more open and connected," he wrote in a guest article in the Washington Post. What he didn't say is that open data is also easier to advertise against. So, many accused Facebook of abandoning its core principles in pursuit of profit.
除此之外，一些个更为“开放”的社交网络也被开发出来作为Facebook的替代品——这其中最有潜力的当属Disapora了。虽然如此，在当前的环境下“开放性”的替代品还不足以对Facebook在社交网络市场的统治地位造成太大的威胁。
Other, more "open" social networks have been created to provide an alternative to Facebook - the most promising being Disapora. However, at this stage the 'open' alternatives are a very minor threat to Facebook's dominance in the social network market.
维基泄密
WikiLeaks
2010年对隐私问题造成最大混乱的组织非由澳大利亚人朱利安阿桑奇创办的维基解密莫属了。维基泄密搜集并发布了上千的政府机密文件。它成为了一种新型的媒体公司，它自称为“科学新闻”模型，并寻求政府各项操作的极度透明。
The most disruptive organization to privacy over 2010 has undoubtedly been WikiLeaks, the whistle-blowing website run by Australian Julian Assange. WikiLeaks has sought out and published thousands of previously secret government documents. It has become a new form of media company, with its so-called "scientific journalism" model and quest for radical transparency in government operations.
维基解密与那些认为政府需要在黑暗中进行一些重要外交的人群划清了界限，而且他们认为所谓信息的自由必须衍生到知晓政府代表这个国家，以及这个国家的人民做了什么。而一些批评的声音争论到维基解密让我们的生命处于危险之中，例如在伊拉克作战的美国公民。而维基解密的支持者则认为这种机密系统必须用这种方式瓦解从而实现真正的民主。
WikiLeaks has created a sharp divide between those people who believe that governments need to be able to carry out important diplomatic work under a cloak of secrecy, and those people who believe that freedom of information extends to what governments are doing on their behalf. Critics have argued that WikiLeaks has endangered lives, for example U.S. citizens fighting in Iraq. Proponents of WikiLeaks have argued that the system of secrecy needs to be disrupted in this manner, in order for true democracy to prevail.
如果不是诞生在这样一个年代，维基解密也许就一文不是。正如Curt Hopkins本周总结的一样，“维基解密，以及它背后的团队，只有在社会化网络被实现的今天才有可能成功。各种机密事件都已经发生了数十年以上，但是大量的文件获取和泄露都只是最近的事情。网站，电子邮件，博客，微博客和社交网络为机密的获取和传播同时开辟了绿色通道。”
WikiLeaks is nothing if not a product of its era. As our own Curt Hopkins summarized this month, "WikiLeaks, the site and the group behind it, could not have happened until the social web did. Leaks have happened for decades but the penetration and the mass of documents only became possible recently. Websites, email, wikis, blogs, microblogs and social networks created a network of avenues for leaks to come in and to spread out again."
Google的隐私大灾难
Google's Privacy Woes
作为网页搜索的绝对霸主，Google知晓我们大部分人在搜什么以及我们正在点击什么。所以这种公司的隐私问题是不可避免的——而这几年这些问题则尤其的多。包括糟糕的Google Buzz（很多用户反对它和GMail整合在一起），还有Google街景汽车在没有征得别人同意的情况下随意拍摄路人。今年，Google被用户的隐私辩驳围绕——同时是在相当多的国家。
As the Web's dominant search company, Google knows what most of us search for and what we're clicking on. So privacy questions about the company are inevitable - and they were plentiful this year. From the flubbed launch of Google Buzz (many users objected to the integration with Gmail) to the roaming Google Street View vehicles snapping photos of people without their consent, Google was hassled and harangued by users - and multiple countries - about privacy issues this year.
即便是Google广为流行的移动操作系统Android，也遭到了批评。来自大学研究者的一份研究发现一些Android应用程序正在将用户的私人数据发给广告商——而且经常是在用户不知情的情况下。而Google对这一事件的反应是，这不是一个Android特有的问题，而是一个影响整个软件业的问题。
Even Google's popular mobile OS, Android, attracted criticism. A study by university researchers found that some Android applications were transmitting private data to advertisers - often without users' knowledge. Google's response was that it was not an Android-specific issue, but one that affects all software.
基于地理信息应用的风险
The Dangers of Location Apps
今年Foursquare，Gowalla等类似的应用席卷了整个技术界。从隐私的观点来看，根本来说上应该由用户决定是否在一个地方“签到”。短命的网站PleaseRobMe.com展示了将你的地理信息发布到网络上会带来的风险。
Foursquare, Gowalla and similar apps took the tech world by storm this year. From a privacy point of view, it's ultimately up to users to take precautions when they are 'checking in' to locations. Sites such as the short-lived PleaseRobMe.com (which, as the name suggests, highlighted when people were away from their homes) showcased the dangers of publishing your location data to the Web.
这些担心同时也延伸到了允许进行地理标签的服务商，知名的如Twitter。八月的时候我们曾报道了一个叫做I Can Stalk U的网站，警告了我们通过智能手机发布带地理信息标签的照片到类似Twitter等网站的危险性。
These concerns also extended to services that allow geo-tagged content, notably Twitter. In August we reported on a site called I Can Stalk U, which alerted us to the dangers of geo-tagged photos shared from your smartphone to social networks like Twitter.
电子阅读器和隐私
eReaders & Privacy
正如我们本月早些时候所写道的一样，电子阅读器是2010年最大的趋势之一。EFF（Electronics Frontier Foundation）最近发布了一项针对电子书提供者的隐私策略指南，其中包括了亚马逊的Kindle，Google Books以及在线文档。
As we wrote earlier this month, eReaders have been one of the biggest trends of 2010. The EFF recently released a guide to the privacy policies of eBook providers, from Amazon Kindle to Google Books to the Internet Archive.
你可能还没有意识到，亚马逊和Google已经记录了你购买或者下载的电子书，以及你阅读了的页面。在是能产生效益的，举个例子，根据跟踪你之前阅读内容而得到的数据，亚马逊能推送给你更贴切的图书推荐。但是这也突出了延续至今的隐私争论：为了得到更好的推荐，你必须牺牲一点点你的隐私。由于个性化和推荐逐渐成为移动商店中应用的关键特性，我估计这在明年会得到更多的关注。
You may not realize that both Amazon and Google log the books you buy or download, plus the pages viewed. There are benefits to this, for example Amazon can give you better eBook recommendations based on the data it tracks about what you've previously consumed. But this highlights a continuing theme of the privacy debate: to get better recommendations, you have to give up some of your privacy. Expect this to become a more prominent concern next year, as personalization and recommendations become key features of mobile shopping apps.
浏览器中的隐私控制
Privacy Controls in Browsers
网络浏览器是一个竞争非常激烈的市场，我们有火狐，微软的IE，Google的Chrome，Opera等一系列的产品提供各式功能意图抢占市场。在一个现代的网络浏览器中隐私控制是一个至关重要的功能。微软最新版本的浏览器是IE9，它最近为了达到更好的浏览隐私安全新添加了“跟踪保护”功能。跟踪保护功能将会以可选特性的形式帮助用户识别并拦截某些形式的网站跟踪。
Web browsers are a very competitive market, with Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google's Chrome, Opera and others all scrambling to provide better features than the others. Privacy controls are now one of those key features in a modern web browser. Microsoft's latest browser version is Internet Explorer 9, which recently got "tracking protection" for better browsing privacy. The tracking protection will be an opt-in feature for users to identify and block certain forms of website tracking.
结论
Conclusion
正如你所见，今年在隐私界是非常忙碌的一年。由于一些公司变得太过强大（Google和Facebook），广大被暴露的用户越来越关注大公司们会怎样对待他们的数据。正如维基解密，目前来谈论它最总会成败几何或许还为时过早。但至少，维基解密撼动了政府机关通信中的隐私的概念。
